• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The system and filtering procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms consists of filtering through membranes or filtering sieves, with a thickness between approximately 0.5 and 500 nm, formed by one or several layers of atoms and to which they perform multiple pores or perforations, made these membranes among others: a) By electrolytic deposition. The metal is deposited by means of an electric current, b) by chemical deposition. A chemical reaction causes the metal to be reduced and deposited, c) by vacuum plating and d) by electrospray. The pores or perforations are made with continuous laser beam or ultrashort flashes. UV light with a wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm can also be used. The diameter of the pore will be somewhat smaller than the atom or molecule of gas or element that we wish to reject. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2692884A1
    申请号:ES201700169
    申请日:2017-02-13
    公开日:2018-12-05
    发明作者:Manuel Muñoz Saiz
    申请人:Manuel Muñoz Saiz；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms. Field of the Invention
    In the desalination of seawater, purification of contaminated water, separation of viruses and bacteria, feeding of explosion engines, and in obtaining the component elements of air and seawater.
    State of the art
    The most advanced system currently for the separation of gases, liquids, etc., uses one or more layers of graphene to which multiple pores or perforations are artificially made. The system has some difficulty and its use has not yet been extended due to the limitations it has. With the present invention, said problems are solved by providing filter sieves of easy and economical fabrication that allow all types of filtration.
    Objective of the invention and advantages
    Provide a simple filtering system, very useful and easy to apply for the separation of the elements of air, sea water and contaminated water.
    To be able to reduce in a simple way the contribution of nitrogen to the engines.
    Apply a higher proportion of oxygen to homes and to patients with pulmonary problems.
    Provide great and rapid permeability since the sieve only needs very few layers of atoms or filter molecules. Therefore, the separating system needs little energy, is very ecological or intervenes in very ecological processes.
    Description of the invention
    The filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms consists of filtering by means of filter membranes or sieves, with a thickness of between 0.5 and 500 nm approximately, formed by one or several layers of atoms, and to which multiple pores or perforations are made, said membranes made among others: a) By electrolytic deposition. Through an electric current the metal is deposited, b) By chemical deposition. A chemical reaction causes the metal to reduce and deposit, c) By vacuum metallization and d) By electrospray. The pores or perforations are made with continuous laser beam or ultra-short flash. You can also use UV light of wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm used against bacteria, achieving multiple pores of a diameter smaller than the nanometer, being able to graduate the diameter of the pore, according to the gas or molecules that we want to separate. The pore diameter will be somewhat smaller than the atom or gas molecule or element that we want to reject. Ultraviolet light produces an oxidative perforation, which creates the molecular sieve. In the latter case it is essential to create the molecular sieve in two dimensions. The membranes will preferably be 10 to 20 nm thick. And preferably two-dimensional crystallized material will be used.
    To produce the membrane, the material is applied by vaporization, chemical deposition, etc. to provide a homogeneous opaque layer and as thin as possible. Even several layers of graphene can be used to which the multiple perforations or pores are subsequently applied by means of a laser or ultraviolet ray.
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    In the end a sieve is obtained, which provides great permeability, in a simple, economical way and with a wide range of possibilities of use.
    As a substrate, a sheet with several layers of graphene oxide having the largest pores can be used.
    Prefilters of suspended particles, microalgae, microorganisms, etc. can be added in front of the membranes.
    The membrane can be cleaned periodically by reversing the flow of the filtrate fluid through the pores.
    A small pressure or suction is sufficient to produce the filtrate.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Figure 1 shows a schematic elevation view of a portion of the membrane or screen of the invention using several layers of atoms, on a substrate.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic, partial and elevational view of a membrane portion on a substrate variant.
    Figure 3 shows a schematic and partial elevation view of a portion of membrane or sieve, partially sectioned.
    Figure 4 shows the most important elements found in the air.
    More detailed description of the invention
    Figure 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention, with a portion of membrane or filter screen (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the substrate (2) which can be metallic.
    Figure 2 shows a portion of the membrane or filter screen (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the non-metallic substrate (2) to which, because it is not metallic, a metallized layer (3) has been applied so that the deposition systems in which said substrate must be conductive can be applied.
    Figure 3 shows a portion of membrane or filter screen (1a) formed by several layers of atoms once the substrate has been removed and to which the multiple pores (4) have been made to perform the filtering.
    In all cases the membranes are shown with the layers of atoms joined together in a compact way, but these can be more separated especially when the electrostatic forces intervene.
    Figure 4 shows in an orderly way the most important elements or molecules found in the air, which have a kinetic diameter between 2.6 A and 4 A approximately, in this case the nanomolecular filter (1a) with pores of 3.5 A is used to separate among others oxygen from nitrogen. To the right of the filter will be the entire atmospheric air, showing in the figure only the molecules to which the filter does not pass, and to the left the elements or molecules that have managed to pass, which could be filtered again if it were necessary to perform a second separation, it
    they would be stored and subsequently used directly or compressed in containers for later use. Missing krypton with diameter similar to xenon.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
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    1. Filtering system at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms using ultra-thin membranes that have been made multiple pores or perforations comprising filter membranes or sieves, formed by one or more layers of atoms to which they are made multiple pores or perforations.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are between 0.5 and 10 nm thick.
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes have a thickness of more than 10 nm and less than 20 nm.
    [4]
    4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are between 20 and 500 nm thick.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 1, characterized by carrying prefilters of suspended particles, microalgae and microorganisms in front of the membranes.
    [6]
    6. Filtering procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms that consists of filtering by means of filter membranes or sieves consisting of one or more layers of atoms and to which multiple pores or perforations are made.
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers of atoms by electrolytic deposition.
    [8]
    8. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers of atoms by chemical deposition.
    [9]
    9. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers by vacuum metallizing.
    [10]
    10. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers by electrospray.
    [11]
    11. Procedure according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are carried out with continuous laser beam.
    [12]
    12. Procedure according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are performed with laser beam of ultra-short flashes.
    [13]
    13. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are carried out with UV light of wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm
    [14]
    14. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are cleaned periodically by reversing the flow of the fluid subject to filtration through the pores.
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    JP2005288266A|2005-10-20|Separation membrane, its manufacturing method and water-treating apparatus
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    EP3415224A1|2018-12-19|Reverse osmosis filter module
    Das2017|Advanced membrane materials for desalination: carbon nanotube and graphene
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2692884B1|2020-01-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20040255783A1|2003-06-19|2004-12-23|Graham Kristine M.|Cleanable high efficiency filter media structure and applications for use|
    US20140076797A1|2012-09-20|2014-03-20|Korea Institute Of Science And Technology|Fiber-based filter with nanonet layer and preparation method thereof|
    US20160174631A1|2014-12-23|2016-06-23|Profit Royal Pharmaceutical Limited|Protective masks with coating comprising different electrospun fibers interweaved with each other, formulations forming the same, and method of producing thereof|
    KR101674051B1|2016-06-17|2016-11-08|티에스피지인터내셔널|Manufacturing method of multi-layer filter using rice husk by-products and multi-layer filter having rice husk by-products|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700169A|ES2692884B1|2017-02-13|2017-02-13|Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms|ES201700169A| ES2692884B1|2017-02-13|2017-02-13|Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms|
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